Typography Questions

_ What are the advantages of a multiple column grid.?

-The multiple column grid allows for a more versatile design which can produce and wide and varied result that promotes captivating visual flow and typographic color

_ How many characters is optimal for a line length? words per line?

-Between 55 and 90
_ Why is the baseline grid used in design?

-This provides a strong basis on which to build the entire spread
_ What is a typographic river?

-the spaces between the words that can make flowing river like structures
_ From the readings what does clothesline or flow line mean?

-the line across the spread which captures the attention across the two pages
_ How can you incorporate white space into your designs?

-By leaving empty places in a meaningful and attractive way
_ What is type color/texture mean?

The typographic color is based on the density of type on a particular part of the page. A very patterned and monotonous type structure might be considered to be "gray" while a very dense and bold part of the page might be "dark" and so on
_ What is x-height, how does it effect type color?

-X height is the height of the lower-case letters excluding a few including the j,i,t, and others. It can affect the amount of white space that reaches the viewer's eyes
_ In justification or H&J terms what do the numbers: minimum, optimum, maximum mean?

-This is the difference between the settings in where the words are layed out in a different order. This can also affect the 'typographic color'.
_ What are some ways to indicate a new paragraph. Are there any rules?

-there are many ways to do this, not limited but including: Type size, Placement, Color, Caps, Bold, Indentation, etc.. The rule is to keep it simple and recognizable
_ What are some things to look out for when hyphenating text.

-the M dash and N dash
_ What is a literature?

-The text being manipulated. That is the written words being laid out on the page.
_ What does CMYK and RGB mean?

-Cyan Magenta Yellow K (Black) and Red Blue Green
_ What does hanging punctuation mean?

-The indentation of the paragraph to create a ledge in the spread
_ What is the difference between a foot mark and an apostrophe?

-A foot mark indicates information relating to the text is at the bottom, where it is typically in a small size. An apostrophe indicates possession and contractions
_ What is the difference between an inch mark and a quote mark (smart quote)?

-This comes down to the usage of the marks, and it is quite subjective
_ What is a hyphen, en dash and em dashes, what are the differences and when are they used.

-They are all vertical marks made to indicate different things in the text. A hyphen could indicate a compound word, an en dash could indicate a year, and an em dash indicates a pause in the text, to indicate some new or different information
_ What are ligatures, why are they used, when are they not used, what are common ligatures

-a ligature occurs where two or more graphemes are joined as a single glyph. Ligatures usually replace consecutive characters sharing common components and are part of a more general class of glyphs called "contextual forms", where the specific shape of a letter depends on context such as surrounding letters or proximity to the end of a line.