Grid- A typographic grid is a two-dimensional structure made up of a series of intersecting vertical and horizontal axes used to structure content.
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Why a Grid? - The grid serves as an armature on which a designer can organize text and images in a rational, easy to absorb manner.
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Modular Grid - is a grid with four rows and four columns
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Margin - In typography, a margin is the space that surrounds the content of a page. The margin helps to define where a line of text begins and ends.
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Column - In typography, a column is one or more vertical blocks of content positioned on a page, separated by margins and/or rules
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Grid Modules - individual units of space separated by regular intervals that, when repeated across the pare format, create columns and rows.
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Flowlines - alignments that break space into horizontal bands.
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Gutters - The white spaces between two pages of a book, or more generally, between columns of text. They are a type of margin.
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Hierarchy - The use of size, weight, placement, and spacing to express the parts of a page or document and their relative importance.
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How to achieve clear hierarchy (according to fonts.com):
Choose your primary typeface wisely. Select a legible type family with enough weights to give you options.
Use a contrasting typeface. If your primary typeface is a serif design, a contrasting sans can often work well to help prioritize information. Don’t use more than two families; more runs the risk of making your design too busy.
Vary size. Changing the point size will draw attention, but be sure to make it noticeable. A one-point change won’t create enough contrast; try two points or more.
Use all caps. In small doses, all cap settings work well for brief emphasis, especially for subheads and column headings. Use all caps sparingly, though – text in all caps loses readability after more than a few words.
Incorporate italics. Using italics is a great way to achieve subtle emphasis, particularly for bylines, captions and within blocks of copy.
Take advantage of small caps. If your typeface has true-drawn small caps, use them! They’re terrific for highlighting specific elements when you have a lot of information to prioritize and don’t want to change type families.
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Typographic Color - Apparent blackness of a block of text resulting from the combined effect of the relative thickness of the strokes of individual characters, their width and point size, and the leading (line spacing) used in setting the text.
